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With French president (AI) and the entry of China’s , a new era of artificial intelligence has begun in 2025. Whilst some see this as a major step forward, others are concerned about the repercussions, particularly on the labour market.
These include the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and its director general, Gilbert Houngbo. At the AI summit in Paris on Monday, the former Togolese prime minister , particularly for jobs held by women.
To back up his argument, the ILO head drew on a research note published in October 2023 by the organisation, which assesses the impact of generative AI on employment by identifying the tasks affected in 436 occupations. By exploiting its repository of harmonised microdata, the organisation distinguished two categories: jobs with high automation potential–where the majority of tasks could be replaced by AI–and those with transformation potential, where only certain tasks are affected, leaving an essential place for human intervention.
Towards a shift in skills
According to the report, administrative employees are the occupational group most at risk: 24% of the tasks associated with these positions present a high risk of automation; 58% have a medium risk. Among the occupations most at risk are typists, consultants and travel agency employees, bank tellers and information service employees.
Conversely, other occupational categories are much less vulnerable. Only 1% to 4% of the tasks in these occupations have a high potential exposure to generative AI, and those at medium risk do not exceed 25%.
“This means that in these occupations, some tasks could be automated, but most of them still require human intervention,” notes the study. “This partial automation could lead to efficiency gains, allowing humans to devote more time to other areas of work, and thus to transform their work.”
The ILO concludes that scientific, intellectual and intermediate professions are the most likely to evolve. Among those where AI could complement rather than replace workers are computer network specialists, technical education teachers and intermediate and related legal professions–legal assistants and court clerks, among others.
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