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A new study from researchers at the Harvard Business School (HBS) suggests that AI could be a game-changer for managers by alleviating burdensome administrative tasks and allowing them to focus on more meaningful work.
But this opportunity shouldnât just be reserved for managers. It can extend to employees at every level who are willing to rethink their jobs.
The key? Understanding what energizes them and what drains them, as well as where their capabilities are most valuedâand then using AI to offload the things that drain them and lean more into the things that energize them where they are most productive.
How AI Could Change Work
The research, titled âGenerative AI and the Nature of Work,â explores how AI is shifting the way knowledge workers allocate their tasks, particularly in software development.
The team behind the researchâHBS Assistant Professor Frank Nagle; Harvard Laboratory for Innovation Science postdoctoral fellows Manuel Hoffmann and Sam Boysel; Kevin Xu, a software engineer at the software collaboration platform GitHub; and Sida Peng, a senior principal economist at Microsoft, which owns GitHubâused GitHub Copilot as a case study for their research.
The authors examined how AI integration changed the work open-source developers do. Their findings suggest that access to AI-powered tools allows developers to refocus their efforts on their core tasksâcodingâwhile reducing time spent on managerial and administrative duties.
Interestingly, AI adoption fostered more autonomous work, which reduced the need for collaborative interactions, and encouraged exploration over repetitive exploitation, as developers ventured into new programming languages and experimental projects.
This shift has big implications for the modern workforce, the authors argue. By automating routine tasks and lowering âcollaboration frictions,â AI has the potential to flatten organizational hierarchies and redefine knowledge work.
The study also suggests that AI disproportionately benefits lower-skilled workers by allowing them to close productivity gaps with their higher-skilled counterpartsâa finding broadly consistent with MIT economist David Autorâs hypotheses.
Nagle and his coauthors suggest that if we use AI to allow employees to focus on more meaningful, creative work, we may be on the cusp of a workplace transformation that prioritizes innovation over administration.
AI as a Tool for Job Crafting
But beyond boosting efficiency and sparking more innovation, the other takeaway from my perspective is that AI may create openings for employees to shape their roles in ways that maximize engagement and satisfaction. This is where job crafting comes inâan approach that involves actively reshaping your work to align with what gives you energy and where your capabilities lie.
The insights from the research in our book âJob Moves: 9 Steps for Making Progress in Your Careerâ help show people how they can shift the correct tasks to AIâand retain the ones that most engage them and their assets.
One of the fundamental principles of making a successful job move is understanding your âenergy driversâ and âenergy drains.â If AI can handle the aspects of work that sap energy, employees can focus on the tasks that excite and motivate them to boost job satisfaction and performance. It in essence can help an individual practice at the top of their craftâas they define it.
Identifying Energy Drivers and Drains
Many professionals operate under the assumption that career progress is about climbing a ladderâtaking on more responsibilities, gaining promotions, and increasing earnings. But Nagleâs research suggest that a lot of managers in the world of coding derive most of their energy from their work as individual contributors. Not the work of managing.
Thatâs not true for everyone of course. The generalized takeaway is that progress isnât just about climbing a career ladder. Itâs more personal and contextualized.
To figure out whatâs currently giving you energy and depleting it, in our book we recommend to look to your past work experiences and analyze which tasks or projects left you feeling engaged and fulfilled, as well as which ones made you feel exhausted or uninspired. Once you have clarity on these energy drivers and drains and you identify themes across your rolesâas well as how what energizes you has changed over timeâAI can become a powerful tool for offloading those things that drain your energy.
If data entry, scheduling meetings, or drafting routine emails drain you, in other words, AI-powered tools can begin to help and allow you to lean into more creative, strategic, or relationship-driven work.
Thinking in Terms of Assets and Liabilities
Beyond focusing on what energizes you, another critical lens for figuring out what to offload to AI is the career balance sheet, a framework from HBS professor Boris Groysberg. Just as a business assesses its assets and liabilities, employees should document their assetsâin the form of their skills, knowledge, and experiences. Then they should figure out their liabilitiesâinvestments of time and money to keep their assets up to date and to develop new ones.
Your assets include capabilities that are strong and can be leveraged immediately. And in Job Moves, we also use the balance sheet to help you figure out what you want capabilities you want to maintain, what you want to invest in developing and what you want to offload. An important principle is that you canât do it all. Given that time and money arenât infinite, there will be tradeoffs based on the required liabilities to maintain existing assets and develop new ones.
Once youâve figured out the assets you want to maintain and develop, AI can help you free up time by allowing you to offload the things that you donât want to do.
Making AI Work for You
AI is often framed as a force that will replace jobs. But Nagle and his coauthorsâ research suggests that it in fact could be a tool that enables employees to craft more meaningful and engaging roles and careersâif they know how to harness it.